\u5728 Next.js \u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u5728\u9875\u9762\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e2d\u68c0\u67e5\u7528\u6237\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6e32\u67d3\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728 API \u8def\u7531\u4e2d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u4f46\u524d\u8005\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u9875\u9762\u95ea\u52a8\uff08\u5148\u6e32\u67d3\u518d\u8df3\u8f6c\uff09\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u65e0\u6cd5\u4fdd\u62a4\u9875\u9762\u8def\u7531\u3002Next.js \u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\uff08Middleware\uff09\u8fd0\u884c\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u8fbe\u9875\u9762\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u8def\u7531\u7ea7\u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\uff08Edge Runtime\uff09\u6267\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6839\u636e Cookie\u3001Header \u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u653e\u884c\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u65e0\u7f1d\u7684\u6743\u9650\u62e6\u622a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ece\u96f6\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e JWT \u7684\u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a Next.js \u9879\u76ee\uff08\u7248\u672c 13+\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 App Router\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u521b\u5efa\uff1a<\/p>\n
\nnpx create-next-app@latest my-auth-app --typescript --app\ncd my-auth-app\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u5b89\u88c5\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\uff1a<\/p>\n
\nnpm install jose jsonwebtoken\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528 jose<\/code> \u5728 Edge Runtime \u4e2d\u5904\u7406 JWT\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a jsonwebtoken<\/code> \u4f9d\u8d56 Node.js \u7684 crypto\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728 Edge \u8fd0\u884c\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6d41\u7a0b<\/h2>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u6f14\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7b80\u5316\u8ba4\u8bc1\u6d41\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n- \u7528\u6237\u767b\u5f55\u540e\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u751f\u6210 JWT\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u7528\u6237 ID \u548c\u89d2\u8272\uff08role\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5230 HttpOnly Cookie \u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6 Cookie\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1 JWT\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u89d2\u8272\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u5141\u8bb8\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u672a\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u8def\u7531\u65f6\uff0c\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u767b\u5f55\u9875\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u767b\u5f55 API \u8def\u7531\u6765\u751f\u6210 JWT\u3002\u5148\u521b\u5efa app\/api\/login\/route.ts<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n\nimport { NextResponse } from 'next\/server';\nimport { SignJWT } from 'jose';\n\nconst secret = new TextEncoder().encode(process.env.JWT_SECRET || 'your-secret-key');\n\nexport async function POST(request: Request) {\n const { username, password } = await request.json();\n\n \/\/ \u6a21\u62df\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5e93\n if (username !== 'admin' || password !== 'admin123') {\n return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Invalid credentials' }, { status: 401 });\n }\n\n const token = await new SignJWT({ sub: '1', role: 'admin' })\n .setProtectedHeader({ alg: 'HS256' })\n .setExpirationTime('1h')\n .sign(secret);\n\n const response = NextResponse.json({ success: true });\n response.cookies.set('token', token, {\n httpOnly: true,\n secure: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production',\n sameSite: 'lax',\n maxAge: 3600,\n path: '\/',\n });\n\n return response;\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u5bc6\u7801\u5e94\u54c8\u5e0c\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7ba1\u7406\u5bc6\u94a5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u7f16\u5199\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6<\/h2>\n
\u5728\u9879\u76ee\u6839\u76ee\u5f55\u521b\u5efa middleware.ts<\/code>\uff08\u4e0e app<\/code> \u540c\u7ea7\uff09\u3002\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u51fd\u6570\u63a5\u6536 NextRequest<\/code>\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de NextResponse<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n\nimport { NextResponse } from 'next\/server';\nimport type { NextRequest } from 'next\/server';\nimport { jwtVerify } from 'jose';\n\nconst secret = new TextEncoder().encode(process.env.JWT_SECRET || 'your-secret-key');\n\nexport async function middleware(request: NextRequest) {\n const token = request.cookies.get('token')?.value;\n\n \/\/ \u516c\u5f00\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u653e\u884c\n const publicPaths = ['\/login', '\/api\/login'];\n if (publicPaths.some(path => request.nextUrl.pathname.startsWith(path))) {\n return NextResponse.next();\n }\n\n \/\/ \u672a\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230\u767b\u5f55\u9875\n if (!token) {\n return NextResponse.redirect(new URL('\/login', request.url));\n }\n\n try {\n const { payload } = await jwtVerify(token, secret);\n const role = payload.role as string;\n\n \/\/ \u57fa\u4e8e\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u8def\u7531\u63a7\u5236\n if (request.nextUrl.pathname.startsWith('\/admin') && role !== 'admin') {\n return NextResponse.redirect(new URL('\/unauthorized', request.url));\n }\n\n \/\/ \u5c06\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\uff0c\u4f9b\u540e\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\n const requestHeaders = new Headers(request.headers);\n requestHeaders.set('x-user-id', payload.sub as string);\n requestHeaders.set('x-user-role', role);\n\n return NextResponse.next({\n request: {\n headers: requestHeaders,\n },\n });\n } catch (error) {\n \/\/ token \u65e0\u6548\u6216\u8fc7\u671f\n return NextResponse.redirect(new URL('\/login', request.url));\n }\n}\n\n\/\/ \u914d\u7f6e\u5339\u914d\u5668\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\u548c API \u8def\u7531\uff08\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u6574\uff09\nexport const config = {\n matcher: ['\/((?!_next\/static|_next\/image|favicon.ico).*)'],\n};\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u505a\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n- \u653e\u884c\u516c\u5f00\u8def\u5f84\uff08\u767b\u5f55\u9875\u548c\u767b\u5f55 API\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u68c0\u67e5 token \u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u8df3\u8f6c\u767b\u5f55\u9875\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u9a8c\u8bc1 JWT\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5bf9
\/admin<\/code> \u8def\u5f84\u8fdb\u884c\u89d2\u8272\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n- \u5c06\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u6ce8\u5165\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u540e\u7eed\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6216 API \u8def\u7531\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f<\/h2>\n
\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u4fee\u6539\u540e\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7 headers()<\/code> \u8bfb\u53d6\uff1a<\/p>\n\nimport { headers } from 'next\/headers';\n\nexport default function AdminPage() {\n const headersList = headers();\n const role = headersList.get('x-user-role');\n\n \/\/ \u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u5df2\u786e\u4fdd\u53ea\u6709 admin \u80fd\u5230\u8fbe\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u6b21\u9a8c\u8bc1\n return <div>Welcome, {role}!<\/div>;\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u7b2c\u56db\u6b65\uff1a\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u6743\u9650\u63a7\u5236<\/h2>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u8def\u7531\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u67d0\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u5185\u4e0d\u540c\u64cd\u4f5c\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u540c\u6743\u9650\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6839\u636e\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u5224\u65ad\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a \/api\/posts<\/code> \u8def\u7531\uff0cGET \u5141\u8bb8\u6240\u6709\u767b\u5f55\u7528\u6237\uff0cPOST \u4ec5\u5141\u8bb8 admin\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n\nif (request.nextUrl.pathname.startsWith('\/api\/posts')) {\n const method = request.method;\n if (method === 'POST' && role !== 'admin') {\n return NextResponse.json({ error: 'Forbidden' }, { status: 403 });\n }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u4f46\u66f4\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u5728 API \u8def\u7531\u5185\u90e8\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u6743\u9650\u68c0\u67e5\u5de5\u5177\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u4e2d\u505a\u592a\u591a\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u81c3\u80bf\u3002\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u9002\u5408\u505a\u7c97\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5b88\u536b\uff0c\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u903b\u8f91\u5e94\u653e\u5728\u8def\u7531\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5e38\u89c1\u5751\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h2>\n1. \u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u8fd0\u884c\u5728 Edge Runtime\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528 Node.js API<\/h3>\n
\u4e0d\u8981\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165 fs<\/code>\u3001crypto<\/code> \u7b49 Node.js \u6a21\u5757\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 jose<\/code> \u66ff\u4ee3 jsonwebtoken<\/code>\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 Web Crypto API \u66ff\u4ee3 Node crypto\u3002<\/p>\n2. \u907f\u514d\u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2<\/h3>\n
\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u4f1a\u663e\u8457\u589e\u52a0\u5ef6\u8fdf\u3002\u5c3d\u91cf\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528 JWT \u4e2d\u643a\u5e26\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u5982\u89d2\u8272\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5c06\u6743\u9650\u6570\u636e\u7f13\u5b58\u5230 Cookie \u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n
3. \u6b63\u786e\u914d\u7f6e matcher<\/h3>\n
\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u4f1a\u5339\u914d\u6240\u6709\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u5305\u62ec _next\/static<\/code> \u7b49\u3002\u52a1\u5fc5\u4f7f\u7528 matcher<\/code> \u6392\u9664\u9759\u6001\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\nexport const config = {\n matcher: ['\/((?!api|_next\/static|_next\/image|favicon.ico).*)'],\n};\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u4f46\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5904\u7406 API \u8def\u7531\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u8981\u6392\u9664 api<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n4. \u5904\u7406 CORS \u548c\u9884\u68c0\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h3>\n
\u5982\u679c\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u62e6\u622a\u4e86 API \u8def\u7531\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406 OPTIONS \u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8de8\u57df\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u4e2d\u653e\u884c OPTIONS \u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n
5. \u5b89\u5168\u5730\u8bbe\u7f6e Cookie<\/h3>\n
\u4f7f\u7528 httpOnly<\/code>\u3001secure<\/code>\u3001sameSite<\/code> \u5c5e\u6027\u9632\u6b62 XSS \u548c CSRF\u3002\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u52a1\u5fc5\u542f\u7528 secure<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n6. \u907f\u514d\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5faa\u73af<\/h3>\n
\u786e\u4fdd\u767b\u5f55\u9875\u548c\u516c\u5f00\u8def\u5f84\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u518d\u6b21\u62e6\u622a\u3002\u68c0\u67e5 matcher \u548c\u516c\u5f00\u8def\u5f84\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n
\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n
\u901a\u8fc7 Next.js \u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u8fbe\u9875\u9762\u524d\u8fdb\u884c\u6743\u9650\u6821\u9a8c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u65e0\u7f1d\u7684\u8def\u7531\u5b88\u536b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4ece JWT \u9a8c\u8bc1\u5230\u89d2\u8272\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53ef\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u5173\u952e\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n
\n- \u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u9002\u5408\u505a\u7c97\u7c92\u5ea6\u8def\u7531\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u6743\u9650\u5e94\u653e\u5728\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u5c42\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u4f7f\u7528
jose<\/code> \u5728 Edge Runtime \u4e2d\u5904\u7406 JWT\u3002<\/li>\n- \u901a\u8fc7\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4f20\u9012\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n
- \u6ce8\u610f matcher \u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u6b64\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u96c6\u6210\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8ba4\u8bc1\uff08NextAuth.js\uff09\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u4e8e\u6743\u9650\u7684 UI \u6e32\u67d3\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c A\/B \u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u6587\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u6784\u5efa\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\u7684 Next.js \u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5ef6\u4f38\u9605\u8bfb<\/h2>\n\n- Next.js Middleware \u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863<\/a><\/li>\n
- JOSE \u5e93\u6587\u6863<\/a><\/li>\n
- Cheat<\/em>Sheet.html”>OWASP \u8ba4\u8bc1 cheat sheet<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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