\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7 REST API \u7684\u201c\u63a5\u53e3\u7206\u70b8\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u83b7\u53d6\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u6df1\u6709\u4f53\u4f1a\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u7528 3~5 \u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u6bb5\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u534a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e3a\u4e86\u62ff\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8bf7\u6c42\u6574\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002GraphQL \u8ba9\u524d\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u7cbe\u786e\u58f0\u660e\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f46 GraphQL \u5728\u524d\u7aef\u843d\u5730\u5e76\u975e\u53ea\u662f\u6362\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e93\u90a3\u4e48\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a Todo \u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u624b\u628a\u624b\u6559\u4f60\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u8ba1 Schema\u3001\u96c6\u6210 Apollo Client\u3001\u5904\u7406\u7f13\u5b58\u4e0e\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u4eab\u6211\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u603b\u7ed3\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/p>\n
> \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u5df2\u4e86\u89e3 GraphQL \u57fa\u7840\u8bed\u6cd5\uff08Query\u3001Mutation\u3001Subscription\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u5148\u9605\u8bfb\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a GraphQL \u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u3002\u521b\u5efa \u8fd0\u884c \u5b89\u88c5\u4f9d\u8d56\uff1a<\/p>\n \u521b\u5efa \u5728 \u4f7f\u7528 \u521b\u5efa \u8fd0\u884c\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 Todo \u589e\u5220\u6539\u67e5\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e0a\u9762\u7684 \u8fd9\u6837\u5217\u8868\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u989d\u5916\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n Apollo \u7684 \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5217\u8868\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528 GraphQL \u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5bb9\u6613\u4ea7\u751f N+1 \u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7528\u6237\u53ca\u5176\u6587\u7ae0\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u4f1a\u5355\u72ec\u67e5\u4e00\u6b21\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u4f7f\u7528 DataLoader \u6279\u91cf\u52a0\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n GraphQL \u5728\u524d\u7aef\u843d\u5730\u9700\u8981\u5173\u6ce8 Schema \u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7f13\u5b58\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u3002\u901a\u8fc7 Apollo Client\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u6784\u5efa\u7c7b\u578b\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5c42\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5df2\u8986\u76d6\u6838\u5fc3\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6269\u5c55\u8ba2\u9605\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f20\u7b49\u9ad8\u7ea7\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a<\/p>\n \u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6559\u7a0b\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u987a\u5229\u5c06 GraphQL \u5f15\u5165\u751f\u4ea7\u9879\u76ee\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u672c\u6587\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb2\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u524d\u7aef\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u843d\u5730 GraphQL\uff0c\u5305\u62ec Schema \u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001Apollo Client \u96c6\u6210\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u7b56\u7565\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u53ca\u5e38\u89c1\u5751\u70b9\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684 Todo \u5e94\u7528\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e26\u4f60\u4ece\u96f6\u642d\u5efa GraphQL \u524d\u7aef\u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,4],"tags":[262,261,11,40,36],"class_list":["post-278","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-3","category-4","tag-apollo-client","tag-graphql","tag-react","tag-typescript","tag-36"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/yykcj.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/278","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/yykcj.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/yykcj.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yykcj.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yykcj.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=278"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/yykcj.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/278\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/yykcj.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=278"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yykcj.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=278"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/yykcj.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=278"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}server.ts<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n\nimport { ApolloServer } from '@apollo\/server';\nimport { startStandaloneServer } from '@apollo\/server\/standalone';\n\n\/\/ \u5185\u5b58\u6570\u636e\nlet todos = [\n { id: '1', text: '\u5b66\u4e60 GraphQL', completed: false },\n { id: '2', text: '\u5199\u4e00\u7bc7\u6559\u7a0b', completed: true },\n];\n\nconst typeDefs = `#graphql\n type Todo {\n id: ID!\n text: String!\n completed: Boolean!\n }\n\n type Query {\n todos: [Todo!]!\n todo(id: ID!): Todo\n }\n\n type Mutation {\n addTodo(text: String!): Todo!\n toggleTodo(id: ID!): Todo!\n deleteTodo(id: ID!): Boolean!\n }\n`;\n\nconst resolvers = {\n Query: {\n todos: () => todos,\n todo: (_, { id }) => todos.find(t => t.id === id),\n },\n Mutation: {\n addTodo: (_, { text }) => {\n const newTodo = { id: String(Date.now()), text, completed: false };\n todos.push(newTodo);\n return newTodo;\n },\n toggleTodo: (_, { id }) => {\n const todo = todos.find(t => t.id === id);\n if (!todo) throw new Error('Todo not found');\n todo.completed = !todo.completed;\n return todo;\n },\n deleteTodo: (_, { id }) => {\n const index = todos.findIndex(t => t.id === id);\n if (index === -1) return false;\n todos.splice(index, 1);\n return true;\n },\n },\n};\n\nconst server = new ApolloServer({ typeDefs, resolvers });\n\nstartStandaloneServer(server, { listen: { port: 4000 } }).then(({ url }) => {\n console.log(`\ud83d\ude80 Server ready at ${url}`);\n});\n<\/code><\/pre>\nnode server.js<\/code>\uff08\u9700\u5148\u7f16\u8bd1\u6216\u4f7f\u7528 ts-node\uff09\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5c31\u542f\u52a8\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n\u7b2c 2 \u6b65\uff1a\u524d\u7aef\u96c6\u6210 Apollo Client<\/h2>\n
\nnpm install @apollo\/client graphql\n<\/code><\/pre>\napolloClient.ts<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n\nimport { ApolloClient, InMemoryCache, HttpLink } from '@apollo\/client';\n\nconst client = new ApolloClient({\n link: new HttpLink({ uri: 'http:\/\/localhost:4000\/graphql' }),\n cache: new InMemoryCache({\n typePolicies: {\n Query: {\n fields: {\n todos: {\n merge(existing, incoming) {\n return incoming; \/\/ \u7b80\u5355\u8986\u76d6\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u53ef\u4f18\u5316\n },\n },\n },\n },\n },\n }),\n});\n\nexport default client;\n<\/code><\/pre>\nmain.tsx<\/code> \u4e2d\u5305\u88f9 ApolloProvider<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n\nimport React from 'react';\nimport ReactDOM from 'react-dom\/client';\nimport { ApolloProvider } from '@apollo\/client';\nimport client from '.\/apolloClient';\nimport App from '.\/App';\n\nReactDOM.createRoot(document.getElementById('root')!).render(\n <React.StrictMode>\n <ApolloProvider client={client}>\n <App \/>\n <\/ApolloProvider>\n <\/React.StrictMode>\n);\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u7b2c 3 \u6b65\uff1a\u7f16\u5199 Query \u548c Mutation<\/h2>\n
gql<\/code> \u6a21\u677f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5b9a\u4e49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u521b\u5efa graphql\/operations.ts<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n\nimport { gql } from '@apollo\/client';\n\nexport const GET_TODOS = gql`\n query GetTodos {\n todos {\n id\n text\n completed\n }\n }\n`;\n\nexport const ADD_TODO = gql`\n mutation AddTodo($text: String!) {\n addTodo(text: $text) {\n id\n text\n completed\n }\n }\n`;\n\nexport const TOGGLE_TODO = gql`\n mutation ToggleTodo($id: ID!) {\n toggleTodo(id: $id) {\n id\n completed\n }\n }\n`;\n\nexport const DELETE_TODO = gql`\n mutation DeleteTodo($id: ID!) {\n deleteTodo(id: $id)\n }\n`;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u7b2c 4 \u6b65\uff1a\u5728\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528<\/h2>\n
TodoList.tsx<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n\nimport { useQuery, useMutation } from '@apollo\/client';\nimport { GET_TODOS, ADD_TODO, TOGGLE_TODO, DELETE_TODO } from '.\/graphql\/operations';\nimport { useState } from 'react';\n\ninterface Todo {\n id: string;\n text: string;\n completed: boolean;\n}\n\nexport default function TodoList() {\n const { loading, error, data } = useQuery<{ todos: Todo[] }>(GET_TODOS);\n const [addTodo] = useMutation(ADD_TODO, {\n refetchQueries: [{ query: GET_TODOS }], \/\/ \u7b80\u5355\u7c97\u66b4\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\u66f4\u65b0\u66ff\u4ee3\n });\n const [toggleTodo] = useMutation(TOGGLE_TODO);\n const [deleteTodo] = useMutation(DELETE_TODO, {\n refetchQueries: [{ query: GET_TODOS }],\n });\n const [input, setInput] = useState('');\n\n if (loading) return <p>\u52a0\u8f7d\u4e2d...<\/p>;\n if (error) return <p>\u9519\u8bef: {error.message}<\/p>;\n\n const handleAdd = () => {\n if (!input.trim()) return;\n addTodo({ variables: { text: input } });\n setInput('');\n };\n\n return (\n <div>\n <input value={input} onChange={e => setInput(e.target.value)} \/>\n <button onClick={handleAdd}>\u6dfb\u52a0<\/button>\n <ul>\n {data?.todos.map(todo => (\n <li key={todo.id}>\n <input\n type="checkbox"\n checked={todo.completed}\n onChange={() => toggleTodo({ variables: { id: todo.id } })}\n \/>\n <span style={{ textDecoration: todo.completed ? 'line-through' : 'none' }}>\n {todo.text}\n <\/span>\n <button onClick={() => deleteTodo({ variables: { id: todo.id } })}>\u5220\u9664<\/button>\n <\/li>\n ))}\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n );\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0e\u8e29\u5751\u6307\u5357<\/h2>\n
1. \u7528\u7f13\u5b58\u66f4\u65b0\u4ee3\u66ff refetchQueries<\/h3>\n
refetchQueries<\/code> \u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u8bf7\u6c42\u6574\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u8f83\u5dee\u3002\u66f4\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u5229\u7528 Apollo \u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u81ea\u52a8\u66f4\u65b0\uff1a<\/p>\n\nconst [addTodo] = useMutation(ADD_TODO, {\n update(cache, { data }) {\n const newTodo = data?.addTodo;\n if (!newTodo) return;\n cache.modify({\n fields: {\n todos(existing = []) {\n const newTodoRef = cache.writeFragment({\n data: newTodo,\n fragment: gql`\n fragment NewTodo on Todo {\n id\n text\n completed\n }\n `,\n });\n return [...existing, newTodoRef];\n },\n },\n });\n },\n});\n<\/code><\/pre>\n2. \u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u4e0e\u52a0\u8f7d\u72b6\u6001<\/h3>\n
error<\/code> \u5bf9\u8c61\u5305\u542b\u7f51\u7edc\u9519\u8bef\u548c GraphQL \u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528 errorPolicy: 'all'<\/code> \u6765\u540c\u65f6\u83b7\u53d6\u90e8\u5206\u6570\u636e\u548c\u9519\u8bef\uff1a<\/p>\n\nconst { data, error } = useQuery(GET_TODOS, { errorPolicy: 'all' });\n<\/code><\/pre>\n3. \u5206\u9875\u4e0e\u6e38\u6807<\/h3>\n
fetchMore<\/code> \u5b9e\u73b0\u65e0\u9650\u6eda\u52a8\uff1a<\/p>\n\nconst { data, fetchMore } = useQuery(GET_TODOS, {\n variables: { offset: 0, limit: 10 },\n});\n\nconst loadMore = () => {\n fetchMore({\n variables: { offset: data.todos.length, limit: 10 },\n updateQuery: (prev, { fetchMoreResult }) => {\n if (!fetchMoreResult) return prev;\n return { todos: [...prev.todos, ...fetchMoreResult.todos] };\n },\n });\n};\n<\/code><\/pre>\n4. \u907f\u514d N+1 \u67e5\u8be2<\/h3>\n
\nimport DataLoader from 'dataloader';\n\nconst postLoader = new DataLoader(async (userIds) => {\n const posts = await db.posts.find({ userId: { $in: userIds } });\n return userIds.map(id => posts.filter(p => p.userId === id));\n});\n<\/code><\/pre>\n5. \u5b89\u5168\u4e0e\u6027\u80fd<\/h3>\n
\n
\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n
\n