{"id":213,"date":"2026-07-22T15:39:35","date_gmt":"2026-07-22T07:39:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yykcj.com\/?p=213"},"modified":"2026-07-22T15:39:35","modified_gmt":"2026-07-22T07:39:35","slug":"%e5%90%8e%e7%ab%af%e6%97%a5%e5%bf%97%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e8%ae%be%e8%ae%a1%ef%bc%9a%e7%bb%93%e6%9e%84%e5%8c%96%e6%97%a5%e5%bf%97%e4%b8%8e%e9%93%be%e8%b7%af%e8%bf%bd%e8%b8%aa%e5%ae%9e%e6%88%98%e6%8c%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/yykcj.com\/?p=213","title":{"rendered":"\u540e\u7aef\u65e5\u5fd7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff1a\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0e\u94fe\u8def\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5b9e\u6218\u6307\u5357"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u540e\u7aef\u65e5\u5fd7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff1a\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0e\u94fe\u8def\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5b9e\u6218\u6307\u5357<\/h1>\n

\u5f15\u8a00<\/h2>\n

\u5728\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u67b6\u6784\u76db\u884c\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684 console.log<\/code>\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7531\u5341\u51e0\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u8de8\u8d8a\u591a\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u65e0\u683c\u5f0f\u65e5\u5fd7\u5c31\u50cf\u5927\u6d77\u635e\u9488\u3002\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u65e5\u5fd7\uff08Structured Logging\uff09\u548c\u94fe\u8def\u8ffd\u8e2a\uff08Distributed Tracing\uff09\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u6218\uff0c\u5e26\u4f60\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u5957\u517c\u5177\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u4e0e\u53ef\u67e5\u8be2\u6027\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/p>\n

1. \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u65e5\u5fd7\uff1f<\/h2>\n

\u4f20\u7edf\u65e5\u5fd7\uff1a<\/p>\n

\n2023-10-01 12:00:00 [INFO] User login success: user_id=123\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \n
  • \u96be\u4ee5\u89e3\u6790\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0d\u7edf\u4e00<\/li>\n
  • \u96be\u4ee5\u67e5\u8be2\uff1a\u65e0\u6cd5\u6309\u5b57\u6bb5\u8fc7\u6ee4<\/li>\n
  • \u96be\u4ee5\u805a\u5408\uff1a\u65e0\u6cd5\u505a\u7edf\u8ba1<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u65e5\u5fd7\uff1a<\/p>\n
    \n{"timestamp":"2023-10-01T12:00:00Z","level":"info","message":"User login success","user_id":123,"request_id":"abc-123"}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \n
    • \u673a\u5668\u53ef\u8bfb\uff1a\u53ef\u88ab logstash\u3001fluentd \u76f4\u63a5\u6d88\u8d39<\/li>\n
    • \u5b57\u6bb5\u53ef\u7d22\u5f15\uff1a\u5728 Kibana \u4e2d\u5feb\u901f\u8fc7\u6ee4<\/li>\n
    • \u6613\u4e8e\u6269\u5c55\uff1a\u6dfb\u52a0\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b57\u6bb5\u65e0\u9700\u6539\u89e3\u6790\u903b\u8f91<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      2. \u8bbe\u8ba1\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u65e5\u5fd7\u683c\u5f0f<\/h2>\n
      2.1 \u6838\u5fc3\u5b57\u6bb5<\/h3>\n
      | \u5b57\u6bb5 | \u7c7b\u578b | \u8bf4\u660e | |——|——|——| | timestamp | ISO8601 | \u65e5\u5fd7\u4ea7\u751f\u65f6\u95f4 | | level | string | \u65e5\u5fd7\u7ea7\u522b\uff1adebug, info, warn, error | | message | string | \u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u8bfb\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0 | | service | string | \u670d\u52a1\u540d | | traceid | string | \u94fe\u8def\u8ffd\u8e2a ID | | span<\/em>id | string | \u5f53\u524d span ID | | caller | string | \u8c03\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08\u6587\u4ef6:\u884c\u53f7\uff09 | | data | object | \u4e1a\u52a1\u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e |<\/p>\n
      2.2 \u65e5\u5fd7\u7ea7\u522b\u89c4\u8303<\/h3>\n
        \n
      • error<\/strong>: \u9700\u8981\u4eba\u5de5\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\uff08\u5982\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25\uff09<\/li>\n
      • warn<\/strong>: \u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u670d\u52a1\u4f46\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\uff08\u5982\u6162\u67e5\u8be2\uff09<\/li>\n
      • info<\/strong>: \u5173\u952e\u4e1a\u52a1\u6d41\u7a0b\uff08\u5982\u8ba2\u5355\u521b\u5efa\uff09<\/li>\n
      • debug<\/strong>: \u5f00\u53d1\u8c03\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u5e94\u5173\u95ed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        3. \u5b9e\u6218\uff1aNode.js \u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u65e5\u5fd7\u5b9e\u73b0<\/h2>\n
        3.1 \u4f7f\u7528 pino \u65e5\u5fd7\u5e93<\/h3>\n
        Pino \u662f Node.js \u6700\u5feb\u7684 JSON \u65e5\u5fd7\u5e93\uff0c\u9ed8\u8ba4\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n
        \nconst pino = require('pino');\n\n\/\/ \u521b\u5efa logger \u5b9e\u4f8b\nconst logger = pino({\n    level: process.env.LOG_LEVEL || 'info',\n    formatters: {\n        level(label) {\n            return { level: label };\n        }\n    },\n    timestamp: pino.stdTimeFunctions.isoTime,\n    \/\/ \u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5668\n    serializers: {\n        req: pino.stdSerializers.req,\n        res: pino.stdSerializers.res,\n        err: pino.stdSerializers.err\n    }\n});\n\n\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b\nlogger.info({ user_id: 123 }, 'User login success');\nlogger.error({ err: new Error('DB connection failed'), db: 'mysql' }, 'Database error');\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n
        \n{"level":30,"time":1696147200000,"pid":12345,"hostname":"server-1","msg":"User login success","user_id":123}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        > \u6ce8\u610f\uff1a\u9ed8\u8ba4 level \u662f\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7 formatters \u6539\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002<\/p>\n
        3.2 \u6dfb\u52a0\u8c03\u7528\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f<\/h3>\n
        \u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u77e5\u9053\u65e5\u5fd7\u51fa\u81ea\u54ea\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 pino-caller<\/code> \u6269\u5c55\uff1a<\/p>\n
        \nconst pinoCaller = require('pino-caller');\nconst baseLogger = pino();\nconst logger = pinoCaller(baseLogger, {\n    relativeTo: __dirname \/\/ \u53ef\u9009\uff0c\u4f7f\u8def\u5f84\u76f8\u5bf9\n});\n\nlogger.info('Hello'); \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\u5305\u542b caller \u5b57\u6bb5\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        3.3 \u96c6\u6210\u94fe\u8def\u8ffd\u8e2a<\/h3>\n
        \u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 OpenTelemetry \u5b9e\u73b0\u94fe\u8def\u8ffd\u8e2a\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06 trace_id \u6ce8\u5165\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n
        \nnpm install @opentelemetry\/api @opentelemetry\/sdk-node @opentelemetry\/auto-instrumentations-node\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u521d\u59cb\u5316 SDK\uff1a<\/p>\n
        \nconst { NodeSDK } = require('@opentelemetry\/sdk-node');\nconst { getNodeAutoInstrumentations } = require('@opentelemetry\/auto-instrumentations-node');\nconst { ConsoleSpanExporter } = require('@opentelemetry\/sdk-trace-node');\n\nconst sdk = new NodeSDK({\n    traceExporter: new ConsoleSpanExporter(),\n    instrumentations: [getNodeAutoInstrumentations()]\n});\n\nsdk.start();\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u65e5\u5fd7\u5305\u542b trace_id\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u65e5\u5fd7\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff1a<\/p>\n
        \nconst { context, trace } = require('@opentelemetry\/api');\n\nfunction enrichLogger(logger) {\n    return new Proxy(logger, {\n        get(target, prop) {\n            const original = target[prop];\n            if (typeof original !== 'function') return original;\n            return function(...args) {\n                const span = trace.getSpan(context.active());\n                if (span) {\n                    const spanContext = span.spanContext();\n                    \/\/ \u5c06 trace_id \u548c span_id \u6ce8\u5165\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\n                    if (args[0] && typeof args[0] === 'object') {\n                        args[0].trace_id = spanContext.traceId;\n                        args[0].span_id = spanContext.spanId;\n                    } else {\n                        args.unshift({ trace_id: spanContext.traceId, span_id: spanContext.spanId });\n                    }\n                }\n                return original.apply(target, args);\n            };\n        }\n    });\n}\n\nconst enrichedLogger = enrichLogger(logger);\n\n\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528\nenrichedLogger.info({ user_id: 123 }, 'User login');\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u73b0\u5728\u6bcf\u6761\u65e5\u5fd7\u90fd\u4f1a\u643a\u5e26\u5f53\u524d\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684 trace_id\u3002<\/p>\n
        4. \u65e5\u5fd7\u6536\u96c6\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\uff1aELK \u6808<\/h2>\n
        4.1 Filebeat \u914d\u7f6e<\/h3>\n
        Filebeat \u4f5c\u4e3a\u65e5\u5fd7\u91c7\u96c6\u5668\uff0c\u5c06\u65e5\u5fd7\u53d1\u9001\u5230 Elasticsearch\u3002<\/p>\n
        \n# filebeat.yml\nfilebeat.inputs:\n- type: log\n  paths:\n    - \/var\/log\/app\/*.log\n  json.keys_under_root: true\n  json.add_error_key: true\n  json.message_key: message\n\noutput.elasticsearch:\n  hosts: ["localhost:9200"]\n  index: "app-logs-%{+yyyy.MM.dd}"\n\n# \u53ef\u9009\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528 Logstash \u4e2d\u8f6c\n# output.logstash:\n#   hosts: ["localhost:5044"]\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        4.2 Elasticsearch \u7d22\u5f15\u6a21\u677f<\/h3>\n
        \u4e3a\u4e86\u4f18\u5316\u5b57\u6bb5\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u7d22\u5f15\u6a21\u677f\uff1a<\/p>\n
        \nPUT _template\/app-logs\n{\n  "index_patterns": ["app-logs-*"],\n  "settings": {\n    "number_of_shards": 1,\n    "number_of_replicas": 1\n  },\n  "mappings": {\n    "properties": {\n      "@timestamp": { "type": "date" },\n      "level": { "type": "keyword" },\n      "message": { "type": "text" },\n      "service": { "type": "keyword" },\n      "trace_id": { "type": "keyword" },\n      "span_id": { "type": "keyword" },\n      "caller": { "type": "keyword" },\n      "data": { "type": "object", "enabled": false } \/\/ \u4e0d\u7d22\u5f15 data \u5185\u90e8\n    }\n  }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
        4.3 Kibana \u53ef\u89c6\u5316<\/h3>\n